What condition results from destruction of alveoli and impairs gas exchange?

Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. When these alveoli are damaged, they lose their elasticity and surface area, leading to reduced oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. This impairment can result in difficulty breathing, as the lungs cannot adequately oxygenate the blood or remove carbon dioxide. Emphysema is often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is primarily caused by long-term exposure to irritants, such as cigarette smoke or environmental pollutants. Understanding this condition is crucial for recognizing the impact on a patient's respiratory function and managing their care effectively.