What is the primary risk of using a BVM incorrectly?

Using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) incorrectly poses a significant risk of inadequate ventilation, which can lead to hypoxia or hypercapnia. This occurs when either the BVM is not properly sealed, resulting in insufficient air delivery to the lungs, or when excessive pressure is applied during ventilation, leading to decreased effectiveness of air exchange. Proper ventilation is crucial in emergency situations, as it ensures that oxygen is delivered to the tissues while carbon dioxide is effectively removed from the body.

If ventilation is inadequate, the patient may not receive enough oxygen, leading to hypoxia, which can impair organ function and ultimately result in serious complications. Conversely, inadequate removal of carbon dioxide can lead to hypercapnia, where levels of carbon dioxide in the blood become dangerously elevated, causing respiratory acidosis and potentially compromising the patient's consciousness and vital signs. In emergencies, effective use of the BVM is critical to maintaining appropriate gas exchange and oxygenation.